READING: Sections 1.7; Chapter 2.
Topics you should know and understand for Quiz #2 (not necessarily a complete list)
1) DEFINITIONS AND NAMES: Parallax, parsec, epicycle, inertia, mass, weight, acceleration, ellipse, semi-major axis of an ellipse, eccentricity of an ellipse, Big Horn Medicine Wheel, Stonehenge, Maya Codices, Almagest.
2) MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS: The parallax shift of an object is inversely proportional to its distance; p = 1/D (with p in arcseconds and D in parsecs); formula for the eccentricity of an ellipse; P2 = a3; F = MA; F = GM1M2/R2; Newton's Revision of Kepler's Third Law.
3) OTHER THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW: The origin of the degree; Aristarchus's method of determining the relative distance to the Sun and the Moon; how to determine the relative diameters of the Sun and the Moon; two lunar eclipse methods of determining the relative sizes of the Earth and the Moon; two methods of determining the distance to the Moon; Eratosthene's method of determining the physical size of the Earth; the pre-Galilean arguments for and against a Sun-Centered Universe; five astronomical discoveries of Galileo; the phases of Venus; four observations that support the theory that the Earth is a sphere; the scientific accomplishments of Galileo Galilei, Nicolaus Copernicus, Tycho Brahe, Anaxagoras, Eratosthenes, Aristarchus, Apollonius, Hipparchus, and Ptolemy; the state of astronomy in ancient China and in the ancient Maya civilization.
4) LAWS OF NATURE: Kepler's three laws of planetary motion; Newton's three Laws of Motion; Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation.