ASTR 1020 Spring 2012: Study Guide for Quiz #2

Topics you should know and understand for Quiz #2 (not necessarily a complete list)

ASSIGNED READINGS FOR THIS QUIZ: Section 2.7; Sections 16.4-16.5; All of Chapter 17.

1) DEFINITIONS: Magnetic Dynamo, Annular Eclipse, Chromosphere, Corona, Solar Wind, Magnitudes (Apparent vs. Absolute), Convection, Granule, Spicule; Coronograph; Sunspot, Differential Rotation; Prominence, Flare; Main Sequence Star; Giant/Supergiant star; Proper Motion. Main sequence star, supergiant star, giant star, luminosity class, B-V, the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, spectral type, spectroscopic parallax; velocity, acceleration, inertia, center of mass; visual binary, astrometric binary, spectroscopic binary, double-lined spectroscopic binary, single-lined spectroscopic binary, eclipsing binary star.

2) MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS: The relationship between apparent magnitude and brightness; the relationship between absolute magnitude and luminosity; the relationship between angular size, distance, and physical size (theta proportional to x/D); F = MA.

3) OTHER THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW: The seven main regions in the Sun; why sunspots are dark; what produces prominences and flares on the Sun; how to tell the difference between a parallax shift and proper motion, observationally; The seven main spectral types of stars (OBAFGKM), their temperatures, and the characteristic spectral lines of each class; the location of different luminosity classes on the H-R diagram; three ways to get the radii of stars (direct angular measurement, Stefan's Law, eclipsing binary); three ways to get the temperatures of stars (Wien's Law, B-V, spectral type); two ways to get the distances to stars (stellar parallax, spectroscopic parallax); Newton's three Laws of Motion; Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation; the best-known scientific work of Ejnar Hertzsprung, Henry Norris Russell, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Annie Jump Cannon, and Isaac Newton.