ASTR 1020 Spring 2019: Study Guide for Quiz #2

Topics you should know and understand for Quiz #2 (not necessarily a complete list)

ASSIGNED READINGS FOR THIS QUIZ: Sections 2.7 - 2.8; Sections 3.4 - 3.5; Chapter 4; Sections 16.2 - 16.5; Section 16.7; 17.1 - 17.5.

1) DEFINITIONS: Magnetic Dynamo; Annular Eclipse; Chromosphere; Corona; Solar Wind; Magnitudes (Apparent vs. Absolute); Convection; Spicule; Coronagraph; Sunspot, The Sunspot Cycle; Butterfly Diagram; Differential Rotation; Prominence, Flare; Main Sequence Star; Giant/Supergiant star; Proper Motion; the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram; Excitation; Convection; Excited atom; Absorption-line spectrum (dark-line spectrum); Emission-line Spectrum (bright-line spectrum); Kirchoff's Laws; Neutrino Oscillations; Vapor Lamp; Doppler Shift; Redshift; Blueshift; Luminosity Class; Spectral Type; B-V; Spectroscopic Parallax; Stellar Parallax; Inertia; Velocity; Acceleration; Center of Mass.

2) MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS: The relationship between apparent magnitude and brightness; the relationship between absolute magnitude and luminosity; the relationship between angular size, distance, and physical size (theta proportional to x/D); Stefan's Law; Wien's Law; the inverse square law of light; F = MA; Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation; The center of mass equation.

3) OTHER THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW: Under what conditions an absorption line spectrum is produced; What produces a continuous spectrum; What produces an emission-line spectrum; The seven main regions in the Sun; The optical spectrum of hydrogen (the H-alpha, H-beta, H-gamma lines and what transitions produce these lines); The solar neutrino problem and its probable resolution; Why sunspots are dark; What produces prominences and flares on the Sun; The basic characteristics of the Sunspot Cycle; How to tell the difference between a parallax shift and proper motion; The best-known scientific work of Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry Norris Russell; The seven main spectral types of stars (OBAFGKM), their temperatures, and the characteristic spectral lines of each class; The location of different luminosity classes on the H-R diagram; Three ways to get the temperatures of stars (Wien's Law, B-V, spectral type); Newton's three Laws of Motion; Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation; Two ways to get radii of stars (direct angular measurement, Stefan's Law); Two ways to get the distances to stars (stellar parallax, spectroscopic parallax).