ASTR 1020 Spring 2020: Study Guide for Quiz #4
Topics you should know and
understand for Quiz #4
(not necessarily a complete list)
ASSIGNED READINGS FOR THIS QUIZ:
Section 20.6; Chapters 21, 22, and 23;
Sections 24.1, 25.1, 25.2, 25.3.
1) DEFINITIONS:
Nova; mass-transfer
binary; x-ray burster; gamma
ray burster;
Lagrangian Point;
Supernova remnant;
planetary nebulae;
angular momentum;
angular momentum conservation;
stellar evolution; alpha particle;
the triple-alpha process;
main sequence turn-off;
the CNO cycle;
electron degeneracy pressure;
Pauli Exclusion Principle;
Red Giant stars; horizontal branch stars; asymptotic giant branch (AGB);
stars; variable stars;
planetary nebulae;
CNO cycle;
supernovae; supernova remnant;
Chandrasekhar limit; neutron degeneracy pressure;
Neutron Star;
Pulsar;
Synchrotron Radiation;
Core-Collapse Supernova (Type II Supernova);
Carbon-Detonation Supernova (Type I Supernova);
Sagittarius A*; Cygnus X-1;
Cepheid Variable Stars; RR Lyrae Stars;
Instability Strip; Period-Luminosity Relationship;
Galaxy Rotation Curve.
General Relativity;
Gravitational Lens; Einstein's Cross;
Gravitational Waves;
Black Hole; Tidal Forces; Wormhole; Sagittarius A*; Cygnus X-1;
Schwarzchild Radius; Event Horizon; Singularity;
Dark Matter;
`Spiral Nebula'; Spiral Galaxies;
Barred Spiral Galaxies; Elliptical Galaxies; Irregular Galaxies;
Peculiar Galaxies;
The Hubble Tuning Fork Diagram;
Sa, Sb, Sc, SBa, SBb, SBc, S0, E0, E1, to E7 galaxies; Ring galaxies;
Galaxy mergers; Tidal tails and bridges in interacting galaxies.
2) MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS:
Linear momentum is proportional to mass X velocity;
angular momentum is proportional to mass X velocity x size;
the approximate formula for the main sequence lifetime of stars
in terms of their mass;
The relationship between the mass and
Schwarzchild radius
of a black
hole (mass is proportional to RSch);
The Period-Luminosity Relation for Cepheids (period increases as luminosity
increases);
The relationship
between the circular velocity of an object
and the mass of the object it is orbiting (V2 = GM/R).
3) OTHER THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW:
How to determine the age of a star cluster from its H-R diagram;
The steps in the triple-alpha process; The stages in the lifetime of a main
sequence star; The stages in the lifetime of a high mass star;
The CNO cycle;
Where the different chemical elements are produced;
Why a neutron star is spinning fast;
Why some (but not all) neutron stars are seen as
pulsars;
What produces the `pulses' from pulsars;
What produces a Type II (core collapse) supernova;
The upper mass limits of
white dwarfs and neutron stars;
The astronomical accomplishments of Subramanyan Chandrasekhar, Jocelyn Bell,
Henrietta Leavitt, William Herschel,
Friedrich Bessel, Harlow Shapley, Robert Trumpler, and Edwin Hubble;
The difference between Type I and Type II supernovae,
and what kinds of objects produce them;
The difference
between a nova and a supernova type I;
The difference between an X-ray burster and a nova;
One possible theory for what causes
gamma ray bursters;
The upper mass limits of
white dwarfs and neutron stars;
Some consequences of the Theory of General Relativity;
What constellation the center of the Milky Way is in;
How a gravitational wave observatory works;
The basic structure of the Milky Way; Where in the Milky
Way different components are found;
How to determine the distance to a star cluster or
galaxy using Cepheid variables or RR Lyrae stars;
How Harlow Shapley determined the location
of the center of the Milky Way;
How
Edwin Hubble proved that `spiral nebulae' are
outside of the Milky Way;
How galaxies are classified;
What causes the long tails and bridges present in some peculiar
galaxies; How a ring galaxy is formed.