Upper Extremity
Clavicle
sternal end
acromial end
Scapula
spine
acromion process
coracoid process
subscapular fossa
supraspinous/infraspinous fossa
vertebral border
glenoid fossa
scapular notch
inferior angle
superior angle
Humerus
head
anatomical/surgical neck
greater/lesser tubercle
intertubercular groove (biciptal groove)
deltoid tuberosity
radial (spiral) groove
olecranon fossa
trochlea
capitulum
coranoid fossa
medial/lateral epicondyle
Radius
head/neck
ulnar notch
radial tuberosity
interosseous ridge
styloid process
Ulna
head/neck
styloid process
olecranon process
coranoid process
ulnar tuberosity
trochlear notch
radial notch
interosseous ridge
Wrist/Hand
Know the names of all carpal bones, metacarpals, and phalanges on an articulated hand.
Carpal Bones:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Lower Extremity
Os coxa
obturator foramen
acetabulum
anterior superior iliac spine
anterior inferior iliac spine
iliac crest
iliac fossa
articular surface for sacro iliac joint
Pubis
pubic crest and pubic tubercle
superior/inferior pubic rami
area of pubic symphysis
Ischium
ischial tuberosity
ischial spine
greater/lesser sciatic notch
Femur
head
anatomical/surgical neck
greater/lesser trochanter
medial/lateral condyle
medial/lateral epicondyle
adductor tubercle
linea aspera
fovea capitis
intertrochanteric line
intertrochanteric crest
Patella
Tibia
tibial tuberosity
medial malleolus
interosseous ridge
Fibula
head
lateral malleolus
interosseous ridge
Ankle/Foot
Know the names of all tarsal bones, metatarsals, and phalanges on an articulated foot.
Tarsal Bones:
Talus
Calcaneous
calcaneal tuberosity
sustentaculum tali
Navicular
First (medial) cuneiform
Second (intermediate) cuneiform
Third (lateral) cuneiform
Cuboid
Axial Skeleton
Sternum
manubrium
body
xyphoid process
sternal notch
sternal angle
Ribs
head/neck
tubercle
subcostal groove
Vertebrae
on all vertebrae you must be able to identify:
body
pedicle
transverse process
lamina
spinous process
vertebral foramen
on an articulated vertebral column identify the intervertebral foramen and intervertebral discs
You must be able to distinguish which region of the vertebral column a single vertebrae was taken from
Cervical
You must be able to distinguish between C1, C2, and the other cervical vertebrae
Identify the transverse foramen
Thoracic
Look for articulations for ribs
Lumbar
Notice the lack of articulations for ribs
Sacral
5 fused bones
Note the sacral promontory
Anterior/Posterior Sacral Foramina
Coccyx
Usually three bones, may be fused with sacrum.
Skull
You must be able to identify all of the bones of the skull. You should also be able to indicate which skull bones are paired and which are unpaired. In addition you must be able to identify the following features and indicate in which bone these structures are found.
Bones:
Frontal bone (unpaired)
Parietal bone
Sphenoid bone (unpaired)
Temporal bone
Occipital bone (unpaired)
Ethmoid bone (unpaired)
Vomer Bone (unpaired)
Nasal Bone
Lacrimal bone
Maxillary bone
Zygomatic bone
Mandible (unpaired)
Palatine bone
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Features:
sagittal suture
coronal suture
lambdoid suture
squamous suture
supraorbital foramen
superior orbital fissure
optic foramen
infraorbital foramen
mental foramen
external auditory meatus
internal auditory meatus
mastoid process
styloid process
hypoglossal canal
foramen magnum
occipital condyle
sella turcica
cribriform plate
crista galli
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen spinosum
jugular foramen
foramen lacerum
carotid foramen