ETSU Archaeological Field School Summer 2010
Sachsen Cave Shelter, Upper Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee
ETSU’s annual archaeological field school will take place during the first three weeks of First Summer Session 2010. Students will spend three weeks in the field (June 6th – 26th) on the Upper Cumberland Plateau conducting rock shelter excavations.
Goals of the 2010 field season
We will conclude excavations at Eagle Drink Bluff Shelter in 2009. The shelter contains well dated deposits and artifacts from the Late Archaic through the late Middle Woodland, about 4000-1300 years ago. These deposits were the subject of ETSU archaeological field schools from 2005-07. However, the lowest deposits – only just reached in 2007 - are Middle Archaic in age, about 5-7000 years ago. Some researchers have proposed that the Upper Cumberland Plateau was largely abandoned during this time because of hypothesized warmer and drier conditions. These researchers based their ideas on two things: 1) the de facto assumption that highland regions are ones of less permanent water sources in times of environmental stress, and 2) existing surface collections of stylistically characteristic Middle Archaic artifacts from many rock shelters in the region (e. g., artifacts removed from their original context). Their work is also based in outdated paleoclimate models. More recent work has indicated dynamic climatic conditions during the Middle Archaic, specifically greater seasonal contrast. My research has recorded many shelters with permanent springs associated, even in very dry months. In the 2009 field season, we will test this generalized abandonment hypothesis with controlled stratigraphic exacavations rather than surface collected data from dubious contexts. We will also excavate the remaining Woodland deposits. For some background on previous work at the site, see Luminescence Dates and Woodland Ceramics from Rock Shelters on the Upper Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee
Course Goals
The course is intended to introduce the student to the conduct of field
archaeology. Students will be given the opportunity to apply what they have
learned in the classroom to field situations. Students will learn to orient
themselves in the field and how to maintain three dimensional control in their
excavations. Aspects of archaeological survey, testing, and excavation will be
addressed. Proper mapping and cataloging techniques will also be taught.
Students should gain insight into why archaeologists go into the field to
excavate the archaeological record.
Archaeological field investigations must be problem oriented. We will discuss how to design important research questions and then properly design methods to answer them in a field setting. We will also explore the concerns of archaeologists, cultural resource managers (including federal and state agencies), and native peoples regarding the archaeological record. Artifacts removed from their original context or matrix are of limited use to the archaeologist. Students will learn how to assess archaeological context and integrity. Students will learn how to conduct archaeological field investigations. Click on this link to see course syllabus.
What Students May Expect
Students should register for ANTH 4400: Archaeological Field School.
Students will be responsible for their
tuition costs as well as room and board.
In an effort to make the field experience more affordable for students, the
course is offered as three (3) credit hours OR 6 credit hours (If the 3 credit
hour option is chosen, students may later repeat the course for
a total of six credit hours). For in-state students, tuition is $178.00/credit
hour + fees. Out of state students should expect to pay $446.00/credit hour +
fees.
Enrollment is open to students from any university, although priority may be given to ETSU students. No one will be admitted for enrollment without completely filling out and agreeing to the terms of this application form. Applications are to be accompanied by a $250.00 non-refundable deposit: $200 goes toward your housing expenses, the remaining $50.00 is a one time materials and administrative fee for each student. Forms are due no later than March 30, 2010. Students who submit applications after this date may be placed on a waiting/alternate list. Enrollment is limited to 15 students for 2010, and is open only to students taking the course for credit - no audit students are permitted to enroll/attend. Download application form.
Students have the option of staying in a field house or camping. Most students choose to stay in the house, but camping may be less expensive. In either case, students will have access to facilities (showers and toilets). The camping area is essentially on site. Room and board expenses will vary depending on the number of students participating. However, housing/camping costs should not exceed $300.00 for the duration of the field school. Comparatively speaking, the expenses for ETSU’s archaeological field school are quite low. I have made all the arrangements in advance. See http://www.jamestownguesthouse.com/ for a look at the houses where we will be staying.
Student comments from previous field seasons
"I would fully recommend . . . field school to any student with an interest in archaeology. It is a chance to broaden one's knowledge in a way that is impossible to do sitting in a classroom. It is an experience I will never forget. . . Attending field school has been the climax of my college career."
"This is the best class I have ever had."
"The field school is a valuable experience on many levels. Students not only learn about archaeology techniques and methods, but also social skills and group participation. The field school was by far one of the best experiences that I have had at ETSU. . . I have also learned to function better in a group. Group skills are very important to students entering the work force, and I feel that the ability to cooperate and be productive with co workers is not emphasized enough in the college curriculum."
The Upper Cumberland
Plateau of Tennessee
The Cumberland Plateau rises some 1000 feet above the adjacent Tennessee River
Valley. It is part of a larger region referred to as the “‘great Wilderness’,
that dark and mysterious forest” in early historic times (Campbell 1921:32). For
reasons not entirely clear (although the above quote may offer some clues),
however, the region has traditionally been viewed as a cultural backwater (e.
g., Swanton 1946). I have been conducting archaeological and historical research
on the Upper Cumberland Plateau for ten years now, and it is my contention that
the notion of “cultural backwater” could not be farther from the truth. Campbell
(1921:xxi) underscores this by calling the region (the Southern Highlands), “a
land of promise, a land of romance, and a land about which, perhaps, more things
are known that are not true than of any part of our country.” It is certainly a
land of archaeological promise for underneath the sandstone bluff lines and in
the myriad hardwood coves and box canyons of the plateau are thousands of rock
shelters and hundreds of caves. These karstic features are not only part of the
natural landscape but also part of the cultural landscape. Prehistoric Native
Americans used and occupied these
rock shelters and
caves for 12,000 years. “Throughout Appalachia,
almost by definition, rock shelters are extremely important repositories of
archaeological materials” (Watson 2001:320). In fact, people have lived on the
plateau year-round since Late Archaic times, about 4000 years ago.
It is my hope and belief that students will not only have a meaningful
archaeological experience, but also a meaningful cultural experience during
their stay on the Upper Cumberland Plateau. Below you will find links to some
interesting and fun places to visit in your
“down time”.
Big South Fork National
River and Recreation Area
Pickett State Rustic Park
Muddy Pond TN (Mennonite community & wonderful
food!)
Historic Rugby TN
Contact information:
Dr. Jay D. Franklin
Assistant Professor of Archaeology
Department of Sociology & Anthropology
Box 70644
East Tennessee State University
Johnson City TN 37614-1702
423-439-6653
423-430-4370 (main office)
References Cited
Campbell, John C.
1921 The Southern Highlander and His Homeland. Russell Sage Foundation,
New York.
Franklin, Jay D. (2008) Luminescence Dates and Woodland Ceramics from Rock Shelters on the Upper Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee. Tennessee Archaeology 3(1):87-100.
Swanton, J. R.
1946 Indians of the Southeastern United States. Bureau of American
Ethnology Bulletin No. 137. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
Watson, Patty Jo
2001 Ridges, Rises, and Rocks; Caves, Coves, Terraces, and Hollows: Appalachian
Archaeology at the Millennium. In Archaeology of the Appalachian Highlands,
edited by L. P. Sullivan and S. C. Prezzano, pp. 319-322. The University of
Tennessee Press, Knoxville.
Roundleaf Catchfly: native
wildflower of the Cumberland Plateau
