Review

#01

An undulation that transports energy from one place to another.

#02

A wave is a repetitious pattern that moves. Period is the time taken for a feature of the pattern to repeat as the wave moves past a point. Wavelength is the distance between said feature and the next occurrence of that feature (e.g., from peak to peak, or trough to trough). Amplitude is the size of the wave, which is a measure of the energy transported. Frequency is 1/period, or the number of cycles of the repeating pattern that passes a point every second.

#03

For wavelength $\lambda$, frequency $\nu$, and wave speed $v$, these are related by $v = \lambda \times \nu$.

#11

They are all forms of electromagnetic waves. They all travel at the speed of light $c$ in vacuum. However, they are different in wavelength, frequency, and energy.

#13

Blackbodies are objects that absorb all light falling upon them. They are however not black holes nor even black. They glow, in such as way as to emit radiation in every wave band or color (i.e., at every wavelength and frequency), but not equally so. Thus a blackbody produces a continuous spectrum. The band in which they emit peak radiation is determined by the object's temperature.

#14

They have different temperatures.

#15

All else being equal, hotter blackbodies emit much more radiation than cooler ones (in a per unit area sense).

#17

The Doppler effect refers to how wavelengths and frequencies change when an emitter and receiver experience a relative motion between one another. When moving together, wavelength is shortened and frequency increased. When separating, the opposite results.