STATISTICAL TESTS

The Nature of Statistics
In a nutshell, the nature of a statistical test is:
  1. to hypothesize a certain relationship within a population or between two or more populations,
  2. to take a random sample from the population(s), and
  3. to calculate the probability of the random sample(s) being drawn when the hypothesis is assumed to be true.
The desired outcome is to get the probability from (3) which is small. In this event, the hypothesis is rejected in favor of its alternative.

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