Numerical Control Programming

Numerical Control Programming: Manual CNC
by George C. Stanton, CMfgE
Associate Professor (Ret.)
Department of Technology, East Tennessee State University

HTML Layout & Editing by Bill Hemphill
Assistant Professor
Department of Technology, East Tennessee State University

Image scanning by Ms. Brandy Maddux

Chapter 1	What Is Numerical Control & What Does It Do?
Chapter	1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

	CAD/CAM, Computers, and Marriage Where Do People Fit In? COMPACT II and APT What Comprises an N/C System? Feedback: Open vs. Closed Loops Where Did N/C Come From? CNC: Computerized N/C Direct Numerical Control Is N/C Automation and Vice Versa? What are the Advantages of N/C? What are the Disadvantages of N/C? Review Questions

Chapter 2	How Does Numerical Control Work?
	What Moves--The Cutter or the Workpiece? Getting Oriented: Axes, Directions, Locations, and Positioning Which Axis is Which? Which Direction is Which? Locating the Cutting Tool Point Absolute vs. Incremental Positioning N/C Formats and Grammar Blocks & Statements Fixed Sequential Format Tab Sequential Format Word Address Format Commands Modal vs. Nonmodal Commands Axis Commands Cutting Tool Length Preset Tooling Tool Length Offset (TLO) Subroutines and Loops Branching Commands and Subroutines Loops Four Essential N/C Program Elements: Where to go, How to go, How fast, & What to do Review Questions

Chapter 3	Programming: Making N/C Do What You Want
	Preparatory Functions and Codes G-Code Commands Cutting Tool Motion Commands Linear Cutter Motion The Cutter Radius Circular (Arc) Cutter Motion Miscellaneous Commands Automatic Tool Changing Spindle Speed Selection Controlling Spindle Speed What Is the Right RPM? Heat & Cutting Tool Life Mathematics Constant-Velocity Lathes Special Treatment Feedrate Commands & Economics Determining the Ideal Feedrate Material Removal Rate (MRR) Material Removal Factor (MRF) More Mathematics Review Questions

Chapter 4	Feeding the Controller
	Of Bits & Bytes in the Digital Age Hexadecimal Notation ASCII Paper Tape Binary Coded Decimal N/C Tape Codes Parity: Which Code is Which? Hardware N/C Tape Readers Magnetic Tape Review Questions

Chapter 5	The Preliminaries of Programming
	The Part Drawing Workpiece Geometry Notes, Symbols, and Title Block Specifications The Purchase Order Process Planning Which N/C Machine to Use Holding The Workpiece Selection of Cutting Tools Where to Change Cutters and Workpieces Where to Start the Cutter From What to Machine First To Climb or Not to Climb, That is the Question Review Questions